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Index

cloud forest cloud forest computer recycling computer recycling Environmental movement Environmental movement Environmentalism Environmentalism ewaste ewaste Grow Forest Forest Trees Global dimming Global dimming Global warming Global warming Green Go Green Green computing Green computing Green politics Green politics grow oxygen grow oxygen hug Tree hug Nature Free Nature Ozone depletion Ozone depletion Ozone depletion and global warming Ozone depletion and global warming ozone hole ozone hole plant trees now plant trees now Plants New Plants Rainforests Rainforests recycle symbol recycle symbol Recycling Recycling Recycling criticism Recycling criticism Refurbishment Refurbishment tree Plant a tree Tree Graph Tree Graph tree hugging tree hugging used goods used goods village green village green Home green Home green Find green Find green
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Grow Index

cloud forest cloud forest
computer recycling computer recycling
Environmental movement Environmental movement
Environmentalism Environmentalism
ewaste ewaste Grow
Forest Forest Trees
Global dimming Global dimming
Global warming Global warming
Green Go Green
Green computing Green computing
Green politics Green politics
grow oxygen grow oxygen
hug Tree hug
Nature Free Nature
Ozone depletion Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion and global warming Ozone depletion and global warming
ozone hole ozone hole
plant trees now plant trees now
Plants New Plants
Rainforests Rainforests
recycle symbol recycle symbol
Recycling Recycling
Recycling criticism Recycling criticism
Refurbishment Refurbishment
tree Plant a tree
Tree Graph Tree Graph
tree hugging tree hugging
used goods used goods
village green village green
Home green Home green
Find green Find green
Environmentalism Environmentalism Global warming Global warming Green Green Photovoltaic Grow O2 Photovoltaic Solar Energy Solar Energy Solar Hot Water Solar Hot Water Solar Power Solar Power Solar Power Pool Solar Power Pool Solar Home Best Power Sun Find Energy and Power Pool

Many materials used in the construction of computer hardware can be recovered in the recycling process for use in future production. Reuse of tin, silicon, iron, aluminum, and a variety of plastics – all present in bulk in computers – can reduce the costs of constructing new systems. In addition, components frequently contain copper, gold, and other materials valuable enough to reclaim in their own right.

Regulations

In February 2003, the European Community signed into law the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive 2002/96/EC[2] (WEEE Directive). The directive imposes the responsibility for the disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) on the manufacturers of such equipment. Those companies should establish an infrastructure for collecting WEEE, in such a way that "Users of electrical and electronic equipment from private households should have the possibility of returning WEEE at least free of charge". Also, the companies are compelled to use the collected waste in an ecological-friendly manner, either by ecological disposal or by reuse/refurbishment of the collected WEEE. The Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/95/EC[3] (commonly referred to as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive or RoHS) was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union. The RoHS directive took effect on 1 July 2006, and is required to be enforced and become law in each member state. This directive restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment.

Recycling criticism

Does recycling Save energy? There is controversy on just how much energy is saved through recycling. The EIA states on its website that "a paper mill uses 40 percent less energy to make paper from recycled paper than it does to make paper from fresh lumber." Critics often argue that in the overall processes, it can take more energy to produce recycled products than it does to dispose of them in traditional landfill methods. This argument is followed from the curbside collection of recyclables, which critics note is often done by a second waste truck in addition to the truck that picks up the regular trash. It is difficult to determine the exact amount of energy consumed in waste disposal processes. How much energy is used in recycling depends largely on the type of material being recycled and the process used to do so. Aluminum is generally agreed to use far less energy when recycled rather than being produced from scratch. The EPA states that "recycling aluminum cans, for example, saves 95 percent of the energy required to make the same amount of aluminum from its virgin source, bauxite." Economist Steven Landsburg has suggested that the sole benefit of reducing landfill space is trumped by the energy needed and resulting pollution from the recycling process. Others, however, have calculated through life cycle assessment that producing recycled paper uses less energy and water than harvesting, pulping, processing, and transporting virgin trees. By using less recycled paper, additional energy is needed to create and maintain farmed forests until these forests are as self-sustainable as virgin forests. Public policy analyst James V. DeLong points out that recycling is a manufacturing process and many of the methods use more energy than they save. In addition to energy usage, he notes that recycling requires capital and labor while producing some waste. These processes need to be more efficient than production from original raw material and/or traditional garbage disposal in order for recycling to be the superior method. Does Recycling Save money? The amount of money actually saved through recycling is proportional to the efficiency of the recycling program used to do it. The Institute for Local Self-Reliance argues that the cost of recycling depends on various factors around a community that recycles, such as landfill fees and the amount of disposal that the community recycles. It states that communities start to save money when they treat recycling as a replacement for their traditional waste system rather than an add-on to it and by "redesigning their collection schedules and/or trucks." In many cases the cost of recyclable materials also exceeds the cost of raw materials. Virgin plastic resin costs 40% less than recycled resin. In a 1996 article for The New York Times, John Tierney argued that it costs more money to recycle the trash of New York City than it does to dispose of it in a landfill. Tierney argued that the recycling process employs people to do the additional waste disposal, sorting, inspecting, and many fees are often charged because the processing costs used to make the end product are often more than the price gained from its sale. Wiki Recycling criticism

village green

A village green is a common open area which is a part of a settlement. Traditionally, such an area was often common grass land at the centre of a small agricultural settlement, used for grazing and sometimes for community events. Some may also have a pond, originally for watering stock. The green is traditionally at a central location and provides an open-air meeting place for the people of a village, for example at times of celebration, or for public ceremonies. May Day festivities are traditionally located at the green, with the Maypole erected at its centre. The common use of the term village green reflects a perception of a rural, agricultural idyllic past. However the actuality of such locations always has been very wide, and can encompass woodland, moorland, sports grounds, and even — in part — buildings and roads. They may also be positioned far from the centre of the community, especially if the community has moved, or been absorbed into a larger settlement. Wiki village green Index Trees in the Forest q r s t u v w x Growth